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      <title>Hibernate-Validator - 交互式测验</title>
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      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>Hibernate-Validator - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，在Spring Boot项目中，当使用POST方法并希望对通过 @RequestBody 接收的对象进行校验时，最关键的注解是什么？",
    "options": [
      "在控制器类上添加 @Validated",
      "在方法参数前添加 @Valid",
      "在方法参数前添加 @NotNull",
      "在方法上添加 @ExceptionHandler"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，对于POST请求，必须在需要校验的对象参数前添加 @Valid 注解，这样校验框架才会对该对象的内部字段根据其注解进行校验。@Validated 通常用于类级别，以启用GET请求参数的校验。",
    "source": "文档中「5. POST方法中应用」部分",
    "hint": "文档中有一句加粗的说明，强调了POST请求进行参数校验时“必须要加”的注解。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中提到了两种校验模式：“普通模式”和“快速失败返回模式”。“快速失败返回模式”的主要特点是什么？",
    "options": [
      "如果校验失败，应用程序会立即终止运行。",
      "会校验完所有字段，然后返回第一个发现的错误信息。",
      "一旦发现任何一个字段校验失败，就立即停止后续所有校验并返回错误。",
      "只对第一个字段进行校验，无论成功与否都不再继续。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "“快速失败返回模式”（Fail-Fast）的核心在于效率。它在遇到第一个校验不通过的属性时，就会立即中断整个校验流程并返回错误，而不会继续检查其他属性。这与默认的“普通模式”不同，普通模式会校验完所有属性并收集所有错误信息。",
    "source": "文档中「9.Hibernate-Validator校验模式」部分的「快速失败返回模式」",
    "hint": "思考一下“Fail Fast”（快速失败）这个词组的字面含义，它强调的是“立即”和“停止”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "为了向前端提供统一且简洁的校验失败响应，而不是框架默认的复杂错误结构，文档推荐的最佳实践是什么？",
    "options": [
      "在每个Controller方法中都使用 try-catch 块来捕获异常。",
      "修改 Hibernate-Validator 的底层配置，改变其默认的JSON输出。",
      "定义一个全局异常处理器（@ControllerAdvice），使用 @ExceptionHandler 捕获校验异常并返回自定义格式的数据。",
      "要求前端根据默认的错误结构自行解析所需信息。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档的核心推荐方案是创建一个使用 @ControllerAdvice 注解的全局异常处理类。通过在这个类中定义一个或多个 @ExceptionHandler 方法，可以集中捕获特定类型的异常（如 MethodArgumentNotValidException），并将其转换为统一、优雅的响应格式（如ResultEntity），从而避免了在每个业务控制器中重复编写异常处理代码。",
    "source": "文档中「7.定义优雅的返回信息」部分的「7.1 定义全局异常处理」",
    "hint": "文档中提供了一段以 `@ControllerAdvice` 注解开头的代码示例，用于实现“优雅的返回信息”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档最后的“注意”部分对注解的说明，@NotBlank, @NotEmpty, 和 @NotNull 三者之间最关键的区别在于它们的应用对象，以下哪个描述是正确的？",
    "options": [
      "这三个注解功能完全一样，可以随意替换使用。",
      "@NotNull 适用于任何对象，@NotEmpty 用于集合，@NotBlank 专用于字符串。",
      "@NotEmpty 适用于字符串，@NotBlank 适用于集合，@NotNull 适用于数字。",
      "@NotBlank 适用于任何对象，@NotNull 适用于集合，@NotEmpty 适用于字符串。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档的“注意”部分对此有清晰的划分：@NotNull 检查对象是否为 null；@NotEmpty 不仅检查 null，还检查集合、Map或数组的大小是否大于0；而 @NotBlank 是最严格的，专用于字符串，它会检查 null、空字符串（\"\"）以及只包含空白字符（如空格、制表符）的字符串。",
    "source": "文档中「8.常用注解」下方的「注意」部分",
    "hint": "文档末尾的三个列表项分别解释了这三个注解应该用在“集合类”、“String”还是“对象”上面。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在文档的“对象级联校验”示例中，如果 `Student` 对象中包含一个 `User` 对象，并且需要同时校验 `User` 对象的字段（如 username），需要在 `Student` 类的 `user` 字段上添加哪个注解来实现？",
    "options": [
      "@Validated",
      "@Cascade",
      "@Valid",
      "@NestedValidation"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "为了实现级联校验（即校验一个对象内部包含的另一个对象的属性），需要在外部对象的字段上（本例中为 Student 类的 user 字段）添加 @Valid 注解。这会告诉校验引擎：“请深入到这个 user 对象内部，并根据其类定义中的约束注解进行校验。”",
    "source": "文档中「10.对象级联校验」部分的「Student」代码示例",
    "hint": "请查看 `Student` 类的代码定义，注意 `private User user;` 这个字段上面添加了什么关键注解来触发对 `User` 内部的校验。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档演示了如何在GET请求中校验路径参数或查询参数。与POST请求校验整个对象不同，启用GET请求参数校验需要在控制器类（Controller Class）上添加哪个注解？",
    "options": [
      "@Valid",
      "@EnableValidation",
      "@ControllerAdvice",
      "@Validated"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "对于GET请求中的单个参数校验（非对象），需要在方法所在的控制器类上添加 @Validated 注解来激活校验功能。然后才能在具体的方法参数前使用如 @NotBlank、@Min 等约束注解。这与POST请求中在参数前直接使用 @Valid 不同。",
    "source": "文档中「6. GET方法中应用」部分",
    "hint": "在GET方法的代码示例中，`@RestController` 注解旁边还添加了另一个关键注解。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在配置“快速失败返回模式”时，如果一个GET请求的参数校验失败，会抛出与普通模式不同的异常。文档中提到的为处理这种特定异常而需要捕获的异常类型是什么？",
    "options": [
      "MethodArgumentNotValidException",
      "ConstraintViolationException",
      "IllegalArgumentException",
      "NullPointerException"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，当开启“快速失败返回模式”后，校验不通过会抛出 `ConstraintViolationException` 异常。这与普通模式下对 @RequestBody 校验失败抛出的 `MethodArgumentNotValidException` 不同。因此，全局异常处理器需要额外增加对 `ConstraintViolationException` 的处理逻辑。",
    "source": "文档中「9.Hibernate-Validator校验模式」部分的「全局异常处理」",
    "hint": "在“开启快速失败返回模式”的说明下方，有一段专门处理这种新异常的 `@ExceptionHandler` 代码，其参数类型就是答案。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
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          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
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        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  